A/ Some abbreviations are read as individual letters, usually representing the initials, or first letters, of each word.
ID identification
INS Immigration & Naturalization Service
R&D Research & Development
UN United Nations
ATM automated teller machine
IRS Internal Revenue Service
VCR videocassette recorder
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
B/ Some abbreviations are read as words; we call them acronyms.
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Some acronyms have become so normal as words that people do not think of them as abbreviations any longer, and so they are not written all in capital letters.
radar [radio detecting and ranging] yuppie [young urban professional]
laser [light wave amplification by simulated emission of radiation]
C/ Some abbreviations are written forms only; they are spoken as full words.
Mr. (Mister) Dr. (Doctor) St. (Saint or Street) Rd. (Road)
D/ Abbreviations are used in the organization of language
etc. and so on [Latin: et cetera] i.e. that is to say [Latin: id est]
N.B. please note [Latin: nota bene] e.g. for example [Latin: exampli gratia]
RSVP please reply [French: répondez s'il vous plait] FYI for your information
E/ Clippings: Some words are normally used in a shortened form, especially in informal situations.
lab (laboratory) phone (telephone) typo (typographical error)
dorm (dormitory) memo (memorandum) fax (facsimile)
exam (examination) plane (airplane) rep (business representative)
F/ Some abbreviations you might see on a letter / fax / envelope
c/o care of [e.g., S. Park, c/o J. Brown; the letter goes to J. Brown's address]
P.S. postscript [extra message after the letter has been ended]
ASAP as soon as possible [e.g., call me ASAP]
P.O. Box [post office box]
cc carbon copy [shows that someone other than the addressee receives a copy]
enc. enclosed [e.g., enc. application form]
a.m. before noon [Latin: ante meridiem]
(From Vocabulary in Use Upper Intermediate by Michael McCarthy, Felicity ODell, Ellen Shaw)
© Cambridge University Press 1997)
ID identification
INS Immigration & Naturalization Service
R&D Research & Development
UN United Nations
ATM automated teller machine
IRS Internal Revenue Service
VCR videocassette recorder
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
B/ Some abbreviations are read as words; we call them acronyms.
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Some acronyms have become so normal as words that people do not think of them as abbreviations any longer, and so they are not written all in capital letters.
radar [radio detecting and ranging] yuppie [young urban professional]
laser [light wave amplification by simulated emission of radiation]
C/ Some abbreviations are written forms only; they are spoken as full words.
Mr. (Mister) Dr. (Doctor) St. (Saint or Street) Rd. (Road)
D/ Abbreviations are used in the organization of language
etc. and so on [Latin: et cetera] i.e. that is to say [Latin: id est]
N.B. please note [Latin: nota bene] e.g. for example [Latin: exampli gratia]
RSVP please reply [French: répondez s'il vous plait] FYI for your information
E/ Clippings: Some words are normally used in a shortened form, especially in informal situations.
lab (laboratory) phone (telephone) typo (typographical error)
dorm (dormitory) memo (memorandum) fax (facsimile)
exam (examination) plane (airplane) rep (business representative)
F/ Some abbreviations you might see on a letter / fax / envelope
c/o care of [e.g., S. Park, c/o J. Brown; the letter goes to J. Brown's address]
P.S. postscript [extra message after the letter has been ended]
ASAP as soon as possible [e.g., call me ASAP]
P.O. Box [post office box]
cc carbon copy [shows that someone other than the addressee receives a copy]
enc. enclosed [e.g., enc. application form]
a.m. before noon [Latin: ante meridiem]
(From Vocabulary in Use Upper Intermediate by Michael McCarthy, Felicity ODell, Ellen Shaw)
© Cambridge University Press 1997)
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